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For many students, the process of learning literacy and a new language simultaneously is simply an overwhelming task, so bilingual programs began as a way to help such students develop native language literacy first – research by Cummins, [53] a central researcher in the field, shows that skills such as literacy developed in a first language ...
In their book In Other Words, Ellen Bialystok and Kenji Hakuta, both professors studying bilingualism, examined the idea that "the knowledge of two languages is greater than the sum of its parts." They argued that there are linguistic benefits to being bilingual and that they are more than simply being able to speak two languages.
A program that utilizes two languages, known as a dual language program, typically places students in classrooms with a mixture of native speakers for each language. One popular approach to dual language programs is the 90/10 model, where in the early grades 90% of instruction is conducted in the student's native language and 10% is taught in ...
Language Gaps: In MLE programs, language proficiency gaps can emerge when students' proficiency in their first language is significantly lower than the language of instruction used in the larger group. This can make it difficult for them to catch up and achieve academic proficiency in both languages.
Portales was a case that dictated when a "substantial group" of students with limited English proficiency was present, bilingual education was required. [20] Aspira v. N.Y. Board of Education required testing for students in English and their native language in order to understand if they should receive additional services and bilingual education.
Many students will use translanguaging in higher education where they are attending a university that does not have their first language as the medium of instruction. The students use their multiple languages as resources in their learning and understanding of subjects and ideas.
USA Study Abroad, a federal agency promoting the country's study abroad, has been encouraging 550 domestic students every year to go abroad and acquire foreign languages that would benefit the country's economy and security through their program called the Critical Language Scholarship (CLS).
For each language, the apps, website and books have 100 lessons, covering a broad range of topics for beginners and intermediate students: numbers, colors, travel situations, verb forms, and a small amount of business conversation. [7] Users can click any phrase to repeat it as needed.