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  2. Four-dimensional space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-dimensional_space

    As an example, the distance squared between the points (0,0,0,0) and (1,1,1,0) is 3 in both the Euclidean and Minkowskian 4-spaces, while the distance squared between (0,0,0,0) and (1,1,1,1) is 4 in Euclidean space and 2 in Minkowski space; increasing b 4 decreases the metric distance. This leads to many of the well-known apparent "paradoxes ...

  3. Curve of constant width - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve_of_constant_width

    When that happens, the curve traced out by the endpoints of the line segment is an involute that encloses the given curve without crossing it, with constant width equal to the length of the line segment. [9] If the starting curve is smooth (except at the cusps), the resulting curve of constant width will also be smooth.

  4. Column inch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_inch

    Nowadays, most newspapers and magazines have converted to a "modular" system that simplifies ad size and eliminates the need to figure out column inches. In a modular system ad sizes are represented by the amount of the total page the ad takes up. For example, 1/2 page, 1/4 page, 1/8 page, etc.

  5. Shape and form (visual arts) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_and_form_(visual_arts)

    A form is an artist's way of using elements of art, principles of design, and media. Form, as an element of art, is three-dimensional and encloses space. Like a shape, a form has length and width, but it also has depth. Forms are either geometric or free-form, and can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.

  6. Image resolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_resolution

    An image of N pixels height by M pixels wide can have any resolution less than N lines per picture height, or N TV lines. But when the pixel counts are referred to as "resolution", the convention is to describe the pixel resolution with the set of two positive integer numbers, where the first number is the number of pixel columns (width) and ...

  7. Product lining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_lining

    The number of different categories of a company is referred to as width of product mix. The total number of products sold in all lines is referred to as length of product mix. If a line of products is sold with the same brand name, this is referred to as family branding. When you add a new product to a line, it is referred to as a line ...

  8. Dimension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimension

    [1] [2] Thus, a line has a dimension of one (1D) because only one coordinate is needed to specify a point on it – for example, the point at 5 on a number line. A surface , such as the boundary of a cylinder or sphere , has a dimension of two (2D) because two coordinates are needed to specify a point on it – for example, both a latitude and ...

  9. Beam (nautical) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_(nautical)

    Where LOA is Length OverAll and all lengths are in feet. Some examples: For a standard 27 ft (8.2 m) yacht: the cube root of 27 is 3, 3 squared is 9 plus 1 = 10. The beam of many 27 ft monohulls is 10 ft (3.05 m). For a Volvo Open 70 yacht: 70.5 to the power of 2/3 = 17 plus 1 = 18. The beam is often around 18 ft (5.5 m).