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Attar, also known as ittar, is an essential oil derived from botanical or other natural sources. Most commonly these oils are extracted via hydrodistillation or steam distillation . The Persian physician Ibn Sina was the first to derive the attar of flowers from distillation. [ 1 ]
Attar (Arabic: عطار, ʿAṭṭār) is both an Arabic given name and a surname that refers to the occupations apothecary, pharmacist, spice dealer, or perfumer. There is an exaggerated form related to this name, Atir or Ater ( عاطِر ‘āṭir), meaning "perfumed, sweet-smelling, aromatic, fragrant", which is used rarely.
That said, the art of perfumery in Western Europe was reinvigorated after the Islamic invasion of Spain and Southern Italy in 711 and 827. The Islamic controlled cities of Spain became major producers of perfumes that were traded throughout the Old World. Like in the ancient world, Andalusians used fragrance in devotion to God. Perfumes added a ...
Kannauj Perfume is listed as item 157 of the GI Act 1999, which was passed by the Government of India. [2] Kannauj's perfume sector has a storied history. Due to the role of perfume production in Kannauj, the city is known as "the perfume capital of India". Additionally, one writer said that "Kannauj is to India what Grasse is to France".
Rose oil (rose otto, attar of rose, attar of roses, or rose essence) is an essential oil that is extracted from the petals of various types of rose. Rose ottos are extracted through steam distillation , [ 1 ] while rose absolutes [ 2 ] are obtained through solvent extraction , the absolute being used more commonly in perfumery .
Attar (caste), a Muslim community in India; Attar (name), an Arabic given name and surname, including a list of people with the name Attar of Nishapur, 12th-century Persian poet; Attar (syrup), a type of sweet syrup; ʿAṯtar, an ancient Semitic god; Colonel Attar, a fictional character in Planet of the Apes
The Attar are a Muslim community and caste found in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh in India. This community has no connection with the Attarwala of Gujarat , other than both communities at one time having been involved in the manufacture of attars (perfumes).
Beyond the metaphysics of Sufism, the poem also exhibits Attar's secular knowledge as a man of medicine as he brings up an anecdote of a polymath's deft talent in removing a brain tumor. Aligned with his proficiency as an apothecary, Attar uses alchemy to mean the transformation of the body into heart and of the heart into pain. [ 3 ]