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In engineering, a transfer function (also known as system function [1] or network function) of a system, sub-system, or component is a mathematical function that models the system's output for each possible input. [2] [3] [4] It is widely used in electronic engineering tools like circuit simulators and control systems.
In control system theory, and various branches of engineering, a transfer function matrix, or just transfer matrix is a generalisation of the transfer functions of single-input single-output (SISO) systems to multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems. [1] The matrix relates the outputs of the system to its inputs.
Mathematically, this means that for a causal linear system to be stable all of the poles of its transfer function must have negative-real values, i.e. the real part of each pole must be less than zero. Practically speaking, stability requires that the transfer function complex poles reside
The closed-loop transfer function is measured at the output. The output signal can be calculated from the closed-loop transfer function and the input signal. Signals may be waveforms, images, or other types of data streams. An example of a closed-loop block diagram, from which a transfer function may be computed, is shown below:
A plant in control theory is the combination of process and actuator.A plant is often referred to with a transfer function (commonly in the s-domain) which indicates the relation between an input signal and the output signal of a system without feedback, commonly determined by physical properties of the system.
The various aspects of such equilibrium are directly connected to a specific transport: heat transfer is the system's attempt to achieve thermal equilibrium with its environment, just as mass and momentum transport move the system towards chemical and mechanical equilibrium. [citation needed]
After that, a suitable transfer function is to be derived from the system parameters which eventually governs the behavior of the system. In consequence, we have quantities (kinetic and potential energy, generalized forces) which determine the mechanical part and quantities ( coenergy , powers) for the description of the electrical part.
The expression () = () + () is referred to as the closed-loop transfer function of the system. The numerator is the forward (open-loop) gain from r {\displaystyle r} to y {\displaystyle y} , and the denominator is one plus the gain in going around the feedback loop, the so-called loop gain.