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The first clock powered by changes in atmospheric pressure and temperature was invented by Cornelis Drebbel in the early 17th century. Drebbel built as many as 18 of these, the two most notable being for King James VI & I of Britain, and Rudolf II of Bohemia. The King James clock was known as the Eltham Perpetuum, and was famous throughout Europe.
Toggle the table of contents. List of atomic clocks. ... 18 cesium atomic clocks and 4 hydrogen maser clocks ... National Standard Time and Frequency Laboratory;
The Atomichron was the world's first commercial atomic clock, built by the National Company, Inc. of Malden, Massachusetts. It was also the first self-contained portable atomic clock and was a caesium standard clock. More than 50 clocks with the trademarked Atomichron name were produced. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Commercial manufacturing of these atomic clocks began in 2011. [4] The CSAC, the world's smallest atomic clock, is 4 x 3.5 x 1 cm (1.5 x 1.4 x 0.4 inches) in size, weighs 35 grams, consumes only 115 mW of power, and can keep time to within 100 microseconds per day after several years of operation.
Atomic clocks are installed at sites of time signal radio transmitters. [103] They are used at some long-wave and medium-wave broadcasting stations to deliver a very precise carrier frequency. [104] Atomic clocks are used in many scientific disciplines, such as for long-baseline interferometry in radio astronomy. [105]
WWVB's Colorado location makes the signal weakest on the U.S. east coast, where urban density also produces considerable interference. In 2009, NIST raised the possibility of adding a second time code transmitter, on the east coast, to improve signal reception there and provide a certain amount of robustness to the overall system should weather or other causes render one transmitter site ...