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Individuals should perform progressive muscle relaxation in a comfortable place. [16] A person can begin the exercise while sitting or standing. [7] It is important to breathe throughout the entire exercise, [7] because some sources recommend breathing in while tensing the muscles and breathing out as the muscles are released. [7]
This prescriptive approach was described by authors such as the "relaxationist" Annie Payson Call in her 1891 book Power through Repose, [6] and the Chicago psychiatrist Edmund Jacobson, the creator of progressive muscle relaxation and biofeedback, in his 1934 book You Must Relax!. [7] Once on the floor, give way to it as far as possible.
It addresses both psychological and physiological effects of stress such as increased heart rate, sweating, and muscle tension. [2] There are many variations of relaxation techniques, including progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, guided imagery, biofeedback-assisted relaxation, and other techniques. [3] [4] [5] [6]
Progressive muscle relaxation is a somewhat adapted version of the Jacobsonian Relaxation Technique developed in the 1920s. [7] [8] Progressive muscle relaxation is currently used in clinical and non-clinical settings to reduce the effects of anxiety and sleeplessness brought upon by stress. [7]
Autogenic training is a relaxation technique first published by the German psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz in 1932. The technique involves repetitions of a set of visualisations accompanied by vocal suggestions that induce a state of relaxation and is based on passive concentration of bodily perceptions like heaviness and warmth of limbs, which are facilitated by self-suggestions.
The reflex arc is a negative feedback mechanism preventing too much tension on the muscle and tendon. When the tension is extreme, the inhibition can be so great it overcomes the excitatory effects on the muscle's alpha motoneurons causing the muscle to suddenly relax. [1]
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There is a risk of temporary paralysis of the muscles being injected or the leaking of the toxin into adjacent muscle groups, causing weakness or paralysis in them. The injections must be repeated, as the effects wear off and around 15% of recipients develop immunity to the toxin.