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The British Raj was the period of British Parliament rule on the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947, for around 89 years of British occupation. The system of governance was instituted in 1858 when the rule of the East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria .
The British Raj (/ r ɑː dʒ / RAHJ; from Hindustani rāj, 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') [10] was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent, [11] lasting from 1858 to 1947. [12] It is also called Crown rule in India , [ 13 ] or Direct rule in India . [ 14 ]
The plan of the Constituent Assembly of India was drawn up during the British Raj, following negotiations between nationalist leaders and the 1946 Cabinet Mission to India. Its members were elected by the new provincial assemblies formed after the 1946 Indian provincial elections held in January. The Constituent Assembly had 299 representatives ...
The British Raj began with the idea of the presidencies as the centres of government. Until 1834, when a General Legislative Council was formed, each presidency under its governor and council was empowered to enact a code of so-called 'regulations' for its government.
The Kuru state organised the Vedic hymns into collections and developed the srauta ritual to uphold the social order. [73] Two key figures of the Kuru state were king Parikshit and his successor Janamejaya , who transformed this realm into the dominant political, social, and cultural power of northern India. [ 73 ]
A princely state (also called native state or Indian state) was a nominally sovereign [1] entity of British India that was not directly governed by the Indian Government, but rather by a ruler under a form of indirect rule, [2] subject to a subsidiary alliance and the suzerainty or paramountcy of the Crown of India.
By the time of the departure of the British in 1947, only four of the largest of the states still had their own British resident, a diplomatic title for advisors present in the states' capitals, while most of the others were grouped together into agencies, such as the Central India Agency, the Deccan States Agency, and the Rajputana Agency.
Under the British Raj, it was a division of the Bengal Presidency with its capital in Cuttack. It had an area of 35,664 km 2 and 5,003,121 inhabitants in 1901. [ 2 ] The province included the Orissa Tributary States .