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The Tanks of World War I: The History and Legacy of Tank Warfare during the Great War (2017) [ISBN missing] Foley, Michael. Rise of the Tank: Armoured Vehicles and their use in the First World War (2014) [ISBN missing] Townsend, Reginald T. (December 1916). " 'Tanks' And 'The Hose Of Death' ". The World's Work: A History of Our Time: 195– 207
The tank was outdated by the 1930s due to its slow speed (under 6 mph (9.7 km/h) and thin armour (6–16 mm), but it did have one of the longest independent trench crossing capabilities of any armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) ever made; later tanks used bridge laying tanks for crossing large deep trenches.
Leonardo da Vinci sketch of his armored fighting vehicle. Leonardo da Vinci is often credited with the invention of a war machine that resembled a tank. [6] In the 15th century, a Hussite called Jan Žižka won several battles using armoured wagons containing cannons that could be fired through holes in their sides, but his invention was not used after his lifetime until the 20th century. [7]
A British heavy tank during World War I. Modern armored warfare began during the First World War of 1914–1918. Strategists wanted to break the tactical, operational and strategic stalemates forced on commanders on the Western Front by the effectiveness of entrenched defensive infantry armed with machine guns – known as trench warfare.
A Photo History of Tanks in Two World Wars. Poole: Blandford Press. Foss, Christopher F. (2002). The Encyclopedia of Tanks & Armoured Fighting Vehicles. London: Amber Books. ISBN 978-1905704-44-6. Gale, Tim (2016). The French Army's Tank Force and Armoured Warfare in the Great War: The Artillerie Spéciale. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781317031338.
Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."
The origins of the Char 2C have always been shrouded in a certain mystery. [3] In the summer of 1916, likely in July, [3] General Léon Augustin Jean Marie Mourret, the Subsecretary of Artillery, verbally granted Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée (FCM), a shipyard in the south of France near Toulon, the contract for the development of a heavy tank, a char d'assaut de grand modèle.
Design was complicated by a demand that the vehicle could be fitted with sponsons, converting it into a more modern battle tank than the Mark V tank, in case the Mark VIII tank design proved a failure and the type was still designated as a tank, a 'Mark IX' to succeed the Mark VIII but that requirement was soon dropped due to its complexity. [2]