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The auricle or auricula is the visible part of the ear that is outside the head. It is also called the pinna ( Latin for ' wing ' or ' fin ', pl. : pinnae ), a term that is used more in zoology . Structure
The visible part is called the auricle, also known as the pinna, especially in other animals.It is composed of a thin plate of yellow elastic cartilage, covered with integument, and connected to the surrounding parts by ligaments and muscles; and to the commencement of the ear canal by fibrous tissue.
The helix is the prominent rim of the auricle. Where the helix turns downwards posteriorly , a small tubercle is sometimes seen, namely the auricular tubercle of Darwin . Additional images
The outer ear is the external portion of the ear and includes the fleshy visible auricle, the ear canal, and the outer layer of the eardrum (also called the tympanic membrane). [2] [3] The auricle consists of the curving outer rim called the helix, the inner curved rim called the antihelix, and opens into the ear canal.
The anterior auricular muscle, the smallest of the three auricular muscles, is thin and fan-shaped, and its fibers are pale and indistinct.It arises from the lateral edge of the epicranial aponeurosis, and its fibers converge to be inserted into a projection on the front of the helix.
The great auricular nerve is a large trunk that ascends almost vertically over the sternocleidomastoid. [2] It winds around the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, then perforates the deep fascia before ascending alongside the external jugular vein upon that sternocleidomastoid muscle beneath the platysma muscle to the parotid gland. [1]
The superior auricular muscle is a muscle above the auricle of the outer ear. It originates from the epicranial aponeurosis , and inserts into the upper part of the medial surface of the auricle. It draws the auricle upwards.
The posterior auricular muscle is a muscle behind the auricle of the outer ear. It arises from the mastoid part of the temporal bone, and inserts into the lower part of the cranial surface of the auricle of the outer ear. It draws the auricle backwards, usually a very slight effect.