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Aryl halides are distinct from haloalkanes (alkyl halides) due to significant differences in their methods of preparation, chemical reactivity, and physical properties. The most common and important members of this class are aryl chlorides, but the group encompasses a wide range of derivatives with diverse applications in organic synthesis ...
The Sandmeyer reaction is an example of a radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S RN Ar). The radical mechanism of the Sandmeyer reaction is supported by the detection of biaryl byproducts. [8]
In chemistry, the haloform reaction (also referred to as the Lieben haloform reaction) is a chemical reaction in which a haloform (CHX 3, where X is a halogen) is produced by the exhaustive halogenation of an acetyl group (R−C(=O)CH 3, where R can be either a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or an aryl group), in the presence of a base.
They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not often made. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially. They are used as flame retardants , fire extinguishants , refrigerants , propellants , solvents , and pharmaceuticals .
The cyano group usually cannot be introduced by nucleophilic substitution of haloarenes, but such compounds can be easily prepared from diazonium salts. Illustrative is the preparation of benzonitrile using the reagent cuprous cyanide: [C 6 H 5 N 2] + + CuCN → C 6 H 5 CN + Cu + + N 2. This reaction is a special type of Sandmeyer reaction.
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