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For instance, K20, the US's primary standard, originally had an official mass of 1 kg − 39 μg (micrograms) in 1889; that is to say, K20 was 39 μg less than the IPK. A verification performed in 1948 showed a mass of 1 kg − 19 μg. The latest verification performed in 1989 shows a mass precisely identical to its original 1889 value.
The franc (/ f r æ ŋ k /; French: franc français, [fʁɑ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛ]; sign: F or Fr), [n 2] also commonly distinguished as the French franc (FF), was a currency of France.Between 1360 and 1641, it was the name of coins worth 1 livre tournois and it remained in common parlance as a term for this amount of money.
14 Thaler standard (16.7 grams) 18 1 ⁄ 2 Thaler standard (12.6 grams) 24, later 24 1 ⁄ 2 Gulden standard (9.5 grams of silver per Gulden) 34 Mark standard (6.9 grams of silver per Mark). The weight shown was the fine silver content in each case. This meant that the total weight of these coins could be higher due to the addition, especially ...
The word "kilogram" is formed from the combination of the metric prefix kilo-(meaning one thousand) and gram; [2] it is colloquially shortened to "kilo" (plural "kilos"). [ 3 ] The kilogram is an SI base unit , defined ultimately in terms of three defining constants of the SI, namely a specific transition frequency of the caesium-133 atom, the ...
During the early part of the twentieth century, the French introduced their own units of power – the poncelet, which was defined as being the power required to raise a mass of 100 kg against standard gravity with a velocity of 1 m/s, giving a value of 980.665 W. [16] [17] However, many other European countries defined their units of power ...
Between 1076 and 1093 Philip I (1052–1108) instituted a system of poids de marc (mark weight) used for minting coin, with 8 onces to a marc. [14] Jean II (1319–1364) constructed a new standard of measures, including a livre actuelle ("current" pound, also known as a livre de poids de marc or "mark weight" pound) of 2 marcs, i.e. 16 onces. [15]
Collecting World Coins: Standard Catalog of Circulating Coinage: 1901–present, 15th Edition, publication date 2015, Krause Publications, ISBN 978-1-4402-4460-5 Digital copy available separately. Standard Catalog of German Coins: 1501–present, 3rd Edition, publication date 2011, Krause Publications, ISBN 978-1-4402-1402-8
The franc finally became the national currency from 1795 until 1999 [3] (franc coins and notes were legal tender until 2002). Though abolished as a legal coin by King Louis XIII in 1641 in favor of the gold louis and silver écu, the term franc continued to be used in common parlance for the livre tournois. The franc was also minted for many of ...