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The treatment of ADHD in the presence of tic disorders has long been a controversial topic. Past medical practice held that stimulants could not be used in the presence of tics, due to concern that their use might worsen tics; [266] however, multiple lines of research have shown that stimulants can be cautiously used in the presence of tic ...
Although tic disorders are commonly considered to be childhood syndromes, tics occasionally develop during adulthood; adult-onset tics often have a secondary cause. [33] Tics that begin after the age of 18 are not diagnosed as Tourette's syndrome, but may be diagnosed as an "other specified" or "unspecified" tic disorder. [24]
Tourette syndrome (TS) is an inherited neurological condition of multiple motor and at least one vocal tic. Although Tourette syndrome is the most common cause of tic disorders, [1] other sporadic, genetic, and neurodegenerative disorders may also exhibit tics. [2] [3]
Tourette syndrome or Tourette's syndrome (abbreviated as TS or Tourette's) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence. It is characterized by multiple movement (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic.
In the fourth revision of the DSM , tic disorders were classified as follows: [12] Transient tic disorder consisted of multiple motor and/or phonic tics with duration of at least 4 weeks, but less than 12 months. Chronic tic disorder was either single or multiple motor or phonic tics, but not both, which were present for more than a year.
Knowledge, education and understanding are uppermost in management plans for tic disorders, [6] and psychoeducation is the first step. [14] [15] A child's parents are typically the first to notice their tics; [16] they may feel worried, imagine that they are somehow responsible, or feel burdened by misinformation about Tourette's. [14]
The United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends use for children only in severe cases, though for adults medication is a first-line treatment. [316] Conversely, most United States guidelines recommend medications in most age groups. [317] Medications are especially not recommended for preschool children.
Conduct disorder, adolescent-onset type: Included only in the DSM-IV-TR. 312.81: Conduct disorder, childhood-onset type: Included only in the DSM-IV-TR. 312.89: Conduct disorder, unspecified onset: Included only in the DSM-IV-TR. 300.11: Conversion disorder: 301.13: Cyclothymic disorder: 293.0: Delirium due to ... [indicate the general medical ...