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The series can be compared to an integral to establish convergence or divergence. Let f ( n ) = a n {\displaystyle f(n)=a_{n}} be a positive and monotonically decreasing function . If
The only divergence for probabilities over a finite alphabet that is both an f-divergence and a Bregman divergence is the Kullback–Leibler divergence. [8] The squared Euclidean divergence is a Bregman divergence (corresponding to the function x 2 {\displaystyle x^{2}} ) but not an f -divergence.
Convergence in distribution is the weakest form of convergence typically discussed, since it is implied by all other types of convergence mentioned in this article. However, convergence in distribution is very frequently used in practice; most often it arises from application of the central limit theorem .
In vector calculus, divergence is a vector operator that operates on a vector field, producing a scalar field giving the quantity of the vector field's source at each point. More technically, the divergence represents the volume density of the outward flux of a vector field from an infinitesimal volume around a given point.
The two classical summation methods for series, ordinary convergence and absolute convergence, define the sum as a limit of certain partial sums. These are included only for completeness; strictly speaking they are not true summation methods for divergent series since, by definition, a series is divergent only if these methods do not work.
Numerous references to earlier uses of the symmetrized divergence and to other statistical distances are given in Kullback (1959, pp. 6–7, §1.3 Divergence). The asymmetric "directed divergence" has come to be known as the Kullback–Leibler divergence, while the symmetrized "divergence" is now referred to as the Jeffreys divergence.
This definition is technically called Q-convergence, short for quotient-convergence, and the rates and orders are called rates and orders of Q-convergence when that technical specificity is needed. § R-convergence , below, is an appropriate alternative when this limit does not exist.
Horizontal vergence is further distinguished into convergence (also: positive vergence) or divergence (also: negative vergence). Vergence eye movements result from the activity of six extraocular muscles. These are innerved from three cranial nerves: the abducens nerve, the trochlear nerve and the oculomotor nerve.