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During the deep learning era, attention mechanism was developed to solve similar problems in encoding-decoding. [1]In machine translation, the seq2seq model, as it was proposed in 2014, [24] would encode an input text into a fixed-length vector, which would then be decoded into an output text.
Concretely, let the multiple attention heads be indexed by , then we have (,,) = [] ((,,)) where the matrix is the concatenation of word embeddings, and the matrices ,, are "projection matrices" owned by individual attention head , and is a final projection matrix owned by the whole multi-headed attention head.
Seq2seq RNN encoder-decoder with attention mechanism, training Seq2seq RNN encoder-decoder with attention mechanism, training and inferring The attention mechanism is an enhancement introduced by Bahdanau et al. in 2014 to address limitations in the basic Seq2Seq architecture where a longer input sequence results in the hidden state output of ...
Multi-head attention enhances this process by introducing multiple parallel attention heads. Each attention head learns different linear projections of the Q, K, and V matrices. This allows the model to capture different aspects of the relationships between words in the sequence simultaneously, rather than focusing on a single aspect.
For example, the small (i.e. 117M parameter sized) GPT-2 model has had twelve attention heads and a context window of only 1k tokens. [44] In its medium version it has 345M parameters and contains 24 layers, each with 12 attention heads. For the training with gradient descent a batch size of 512 was utilized. [28]
Vision Transformer architecture, showing the encoder-only Transformer blocks inside. The basic architecture, used by the original 2020 paper, [1] is as follows. In summary, it is a BERT-like encoder-only Transformer.
If a multilayer perceptron has a linear activation function in all neurons, that is, a linear function that maps the weighted inputs to the output of each neuron, then linear algebra shows that any number of layers can be reduced to a two-layer input-output model.
Multihead attention pooling (MAP) applies a multiheaded attention block to pooling. Specifically, it takes as input a list of vectors x 1 , x 2 , … , x n {\displaystyle x_{1},x_{2},\dots ,x_{n}} , which might be thought of as the output vectors of a layer of a ViT.