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A logical spreadsheet is a spreadsheet in which formulas take the form of logical constraints rather than function definitions.. In traditional spreadsheet systems, such as Excel, cells are partitioned into "directly specified" cells and "computed" cells and the formulas used to specify the values of computed cells are "functional", i.e. for every combination of values of the directly ...
However, the first form keeps better numerical accuracy for large values of x, because squares of differences between x and x leads to less round-off than the differences between the much larger numbers Σ(x 2) and (Σx) 2. The built-in Excel function STDEVP, however, uses the less accurate formulation because it is faster computationally. [5]
The Spreadsheet Value Rule. Computer scientist Alan Kay used the term value rule to summarize a spreadsheet's operation: a cell's value relies solely on the formula the user has typed into the cell. [48] The formula may rely on the value of other cells, but those cells are likewise restricted to user-entered data or formulas.
There exist functions that convert p-values into e-values. [15] [16] [17] Such functions are called p-to-e calibrators. Formally, a calibrator is a nonnegative decreasing function : [,] [,] which, when applied to a p-variable (a random variable whose value is a p-value), yields an
Most frequently, t statistics are used in Student's t-tests, a form of statistical hypothesis testing, and in the computation of certain confidence intervals. The key property of the t statistic is that it is a pivotal quantity – while defined in terms of the sample mean, its sampling distribution does not depend on the population parameters, and thus it can be used regardless of what these ...
When a collection of p-values are available (e.g. when considering a group of studies on the same subject), the distribution of p-values is sometimes called a p-curve. [11] A p-curve can be used to assess the reliability of scientific literature, such as by detecting publication bias or p-hacking. [11] [12]
A truth table is a mathematical table used in logic—specifically in connection with Boolean algebra, Boolean functions, and propositional calculus—which sets out the functional values of logical expressions on each of their functional arguments, that is, for each combination of values taken by their logical variables. [1]
From the t-test, the difference between the group means is 6-2=4. From the regression, the slope is also 4 indicating that a 1-unit change in drug dose (from 0 to 1) gives a 4-unit change in mean word recall (from 2 to 6). The t-test p-value for the difference in means, and the regression p-value for the slope, are both 0.00805. The methods ...