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A thesaurus (pl.: thesauri or thesauruses), sometimes called a synonym dictionary or dictionary of synonyms, is a reference work which arranges words by their meanings (or in simpler terms, a book where one can find different words with similar meanings to other words), [1] [2] sometimes as a hierarchy of broader and narrower terms, sometimes simply as lists of synonyms and antonyms.
Ready reckoner – a printed book or table containing pre-calculated values; Thematic catalogue – an index used to identify musical compositions through the citation of the opening notes; Textbook – a reference work containing information about a subject; Thesaurus – a reference work for finding synonyms and sometimes antonyms of words
Indexes are commonly provided in many types of reference work. Updated editions are published as needed, in some cases annually. In comparison, a reference book or reference-only book in a library is one that may only be used in the library and not borrowed from the library. Many such books are reference works (in the first sense) which are ...
A handbook is a type of reference work, or other collection of instructions, that is intended to provide ready reference. The term originally applied to a small or portable book containing information useful for its owner, but the Oxford English Dictionary defines the current sense as "any book ... giving information such as facts on a ...
Same goes for works labelled thesaurus, lexicon or glossary. Encyclopedias include both general works (for instance, the Encyclopædia Britannica) and specialized encyclopedias (The Encyclopedia of New York City). In addition, there are also reference genres which are specialized to particular topics.
The triangle of reference, from the influential book The Meaning of Meaning (1923) by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards. In semantics, reference is generally construed as the relationships between nouns or pronouns and objects that are named by them. Hence, the word "John" refers to the person John. The word "it" refers to some previously ...
The 2nd century BC reference work Shiben has been described as a Chinese encyclopedia of genealogies, while the Huanglan, completed in the 220s, was an early leishu encyclopedia. The Yiwen Leiju , completed in 624, was a landmark literature encyclopedia of the early Tang dynasty .
The word "source" in Wikipedia has three meanings: the work itself (for example, a document, article, paper, or book), the creator of the work (for example, the writer), and the publisher of the work (for example, Cambridge University Press). All three can affect reliability.