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(↕) Identified on the European Union's first 2017 list of 17 tax havens; the above list contains 8 of the 17. [61] (Δ) Identified on the first, and the largest, OECD 2000 list of 35 tax havens (the OECD list only contained Trinidad & Tobago by 2017); the above list contains 34 of the 35 (U.S. Virgin Islands missing). [29]
The European Union tax haven blacklist, officially the EU list of non-cooperative tax jurisdictions, is a tool of the European Union (EU) that lists tax havens. It is used by the Member States to tackle external risks of tax abuse and unfair tax competition .
Academic leaders in tax haven research, and other non–governmental organizations, point to the role of OECD and EU tax havens in tax avoidance from base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) schemes, like the Double Irish, the Single Malt and the Dutch Sandwich. [31] [32] [33] They regard them as major tax havens in their definitions of tax ...
In 2000, the Global Forum was created with 32 members. Efforts to move against tax evasion in tax havens were quickly "bogged down in arcane haggling", including by a working group between tax havens and the OECD set up at the suggestion of the Commonwealth.
On 22 October 2008, at an OECD meeting in Paris, 17 countries led by France and Germany decided to draw up a new blacklist of tax havens. It had been asked to investigate around 40 new tax havens where undeclared revenue was hidden and which hosted many of the non-regulated hedge funds that came under fire during the financial crisis of 2007–08.
The Paradise Papers have also cited Malta among a list of tax havens. However, officials insist that they have complied with EU laws. Though local companies pay a corporate tax rate of 35%, some ...
A majority (64%) of the forgone revenue is pegged to multinational corporations that can still — despite efforts at international tax reform by the OECD over the past decade — engage in profit ...
While by 2017, the OECD only considered Trinidad and Tobago to be a tax haven, [3] in 2017 the EU produced a list of 17 tax havens, plus another 47 jurisdictions on the "grey list", [231] however, as with the OECD lists above, the EU list did not include any EU-28 jurisdictions. [232]