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It consists of three separate but related issues: data alignment, data structure padding, and packing. The CPU in modern computer hardware performs reads and writes to memory most efficiently when the data is naturally aligned , which generally means that the data's memory address is a multiple of the data size.
In computing, output padding is the insertion of non-printing characters into the device output stream to allow for a preceding control operation to take effect. Output padding was necessary on many printing devices, notably Teletype and other mechanical terminals, after the issuance of a carriage return . [ 1 ]
always 132 for the padding chunk (PAD). Chunk flags There are currently no flags used. Chunk length Depends on the size of padding data. The minimum length is 4 bytes. Fixed parameters: none Optional parameters: Padding data Arbitrary data – will be ignored and unceremoniously discarded by the receiver.
The padding character is not essential for decoding, since the number of missing bytes can be inferred from the length of the encoded text. In some implementations, the padding character is mandatory, while for others it is not used. An exception in which padding characters are required is when multiple Base64 encoded files have been concatenated.
Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.
In cryptography, padding is any of a number of distinct practices which all include adding data to the beginning, middle, or end of a message prior to encryption. In classical cryptography, padding may include adding nonsense phrases to a message to obscure the fact that many messages end in predictable ways, e.g. sincerely yours.
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Space between text and borders is an important element of web page design, because it improves the readability of text and visual appeal of graphics in table cells. [5] Cellpadding makes this possible, and web design experts emphasize the importance of carefully selecting the cellpadding values. [6] [7] The same effect can be accomplished in ...