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Orthodox Tewahedo music refers to sacred music of the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The music was long associated with Zema (chant), developed by the six century composer Yared . It is essential part of liturgical service in the Church and classified into fourteen anaphoras, with the normal use being the Twelve Apostles .
Ethiopian liturgical chant, or Zema, is a form of Christian liturgical chant practiced by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. [1] [2] The related musical notation is known as melekket. [3]
Abune Tekle Haymanot (Ge'ez: አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት; known in the Coptic Church as Saint Takla Haymanot of Ethiopia; 1215–1313) was an Ethiopian saint and monk mostly venerated as a hermit.
The kebero is a large hand drum used in the Orthodox Christian liturgy. [5] Smaller kebero drums may be used in secular celebrations. [5] The nagarit, played with a curved stick, is usually found in a secular context such as royal functions or the announcement of proclamations, though it has a liturgical function among the Beta Israel. [5]
Saint Yared (Ge'ez: ቅዱስ ያሬድ; 25 April 505 – 20 May 571) [2] [3] [4] was an Aksumite composer in the 6th century. Often credited with being the forerunner of traditional music of Ethiopia, he developed the music of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Eritrean Orthodox Church.
Eventually, during the Polish Renaissance, the Kievan Orthodox Church fully adopted the polyphonic styles popular at the time. They retained the Znamenny chant, 8 echoi (glassy, melodically based Orthodox modes based upon the Byzantine idea), and scale, but adopted the descant style of their Catholic counterparts.
The Eritrean Orthodox canon and the Ethiopian Orthodox canon are identical. The Narrower Canon also contains Enoch, Jubilees, and three books of the Meqabyan; The Broader Canon includes all of the books found in the Narrower Canon, as well as the two Books of the Covenant, Four Books of Sinodos, a Book of Clement, and Didascalia;
A new edition, reconstructed from surviving part books at an Orthodox monastery in the U.S. and microfilm at the U.S. Library of Congress, was published by Anthony Antolini in 1988. [4] [5] This reconstruction was the subject of a PBS documentary entitled "Rediscovering Rachmaninoff", produced by KTEH television in San Jose, California. [3]