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Gastrinoma is the second most common functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET), with a yearly incidence of approximately 0.5 to 21.5 cases per a million of people worldwide. [5] Gastrinomas are located predominantly in the duodenum (70%) and pancreas (25%). [ 20 ]
Within the broad category of neuroendocrine tumors there are many different tumor types, [10] representing only a small proportion of the tumors or cancers in most of these tissues [citation needed]: Pituitary gland: Neuroendocrine tumor of the anterior pituitary; Thyroid gland: Neuroendocrine thyroid tumors, particularly medullary carcinoma
Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (Z-E syndrome) is a rare disease in which tumors cause the stomach to produce too much acid, resulting in peptic ulcers. Symptoms include abdominal pain and diarrhea. The syndrome is caused by a gastrinoma, a neuroendocrine tumor that secretes a hormone called gastrin. [2]
Carcinoid syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome comprising the signs and symptoms that occur secondary to neuroendocrine tumors (formerly known as carcinoid tumors). [1] The syndrome is caused by neuroendocrine tumors most often found in the gut releasing biologically active substances into the blood causing symptoms such as flushing and diarrhea, and less frequently, heart failure, vomiting ...
Carcinoid tumors are the most common malignant tumor of the appendix, but they are most commonly associated with the small intestine, and they can also be found in the rectum and stomach. They are known to grow in the liver, but this finding is usually a manifestation of metastatic disease from a primary carcinoid occurring elsewhere in the body.
The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) is a domain-specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems for tumor diseases. This classification is widely used by cancer registries. It is currently in its third revision (ICD-O-3). ICD-10 includes a list of ...
The new 2019 WHO classification and grading criteria for neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system grades all the neuroendocrine tumors into three grades, based on their degree of cellular differentiation (from well-differentiated NET grade (G)1 to G3, and poorly-differentiated neuroendokrina cancer, NEC G3), morphology, mitotic rate and Ki ...
The tumor typically produces serotonin, Tachykinin peptides and other substances, which cause flushing, tachycardia, diarrhea and in some cases fibrosis of the heart valves. [citation needed] There are often several small and highly fibrotic tumors present in the intestine. The tumors often spread to the mesenteries and the liver. [citation needed]