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Radical nationalism in the Philippines emphasized the Philippine Revolution under Bonifacio as unfinished and henceforth continued, under working class leadership. Writers such as Teodoro Agoncillo and Renato Constantino advocated patriotism by means of revisiting Filipino history in a Filipino perspective.
The mutiny was unsuccessful, and government soldiers executed many of the participants and began to crack down on a burgeoning Philippines nationalist movement. Many scholars believed that the Cavite mutiny was the beginning of Filipino nationalism that would eventually lead to the Philippine Revolution. [1]
The Nacionalista-dominated Philippine Assembly, and later the Philippine Senate, were often at odds with the Governor-General. [1]: 139 [43]: 271 [7]: 1117 Its leadership grew more powerful, seizing state bodies and using nationalism to weaken American oversight.
The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821.
Led by Andrés Bonifacio, the Katipunan was formed in secrecy in 1892 in the wake of the nascent La Liga Filipina, an organization created by Filipino nationalist José Rizal and others in Spain with goals of Philippine representation to the Spanish Parliament. Katipunan soon gained influence across the islands, and sought an armed revolution.
The Katipunan (lit. ' Association '), officially known as the Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan [6] [7] [8] [a] (lit. ' Supreme and Venerable Association of the Children of the Nation '; Spanish: Suprema y Venerable Asociación de los Hijos del Pueblo) and abbreviated as the KKK, was a revolutionary organization founded in 1892 by a group of Filipino nationalists ...
John "Jack" Norbert Schumacher (born June 17, 1927 – May 14, 2014) was an American-born Filipino Jesuit historian and educator known for his work exploring the Catholic clergy's role in the 1896 Philippine revolution in Revolutionary Clergy: The Filipino Clergy and the Nationalist Movement, 1850–1903, first published in 1981.
Teodoro Andal Agoncillo (November 9, 1912 – January 14, 1985) was a Filipino historian from the 20th century. He and his contemporary, Renato Constantino, were among the first Filipino historians renowned for promoting a Filipino nationalist historiography.