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In its most general form, the magnetoelectric effect (ME) denotes any coupling between the magnetic and the electric properties of a material. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The first example of such an effect was described by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1888, who found that a dielectric material moving through an electric field would become magnetized. [ 3 ]
There have been reports of large magnetoelectric coupling at room-temperature in type-I multiferroics such as in the "diluted" magnetic perovskite (PbZr 0.53 Ti 0.47 O 3) 0.6 –(PbFe 1/2 Ta 1/2 O 3) 0.4 (PZTFT) in certain Aurivillius phases. Here, strong ME coupling has been observed on a microscopic scale using PFM under magnetic field among ...
As quoted in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition.CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals
The coupling coefficient is a convenient way to specify the relationship between a certain orientation of inductors with arbitrary inductance. Most authors define the range as 0 ≤ k < 1 {\displaystyle 0\leq k<1} , but some [ 28 ] define it as − 1 < k < 1 {\displaystyle -1<k<1\,} .
For first-row transition metals the magnitude of μ eff is, to a first approximation, a simple function of the number of unpaired electrons, the spin-only formula. In general, spin–orbit coupling causes μ eff to deviate from the spin-only formula. For the heavier transition metals, lanthanides and actinides, spin–orbit coupling cannot be ...
Ferromagnetism is an unusual property that occurs in only a few substances. The common ones are the transition metals iron, nickel, and cobalt, as well as their alloys and alloys of rare-earth metals. It is a property not just of the chemical make-up of a material, but of its crystalline structure and microstructure.
Liquid properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o liquid-1620.57 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o liquid: 67.24 J/(mol K) Heat capacity, c p: 192.5 J/(mol K) Gas properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o gas? kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o gas? J/(mol K) Heat capacity, c p? J/(mol K)
Ferroaluminum (FeAl) is a ferroalloy, consisting of iron and aluminium.The metal usually consists of 40% to 60% aluminium. Applications of ferroaluminum include the deoxidation of steel, [1] hardfacing applications, reducing agent, thermite reactions, AlNiCo magnets, and alloying additions to welding wires and fluxes. [2]