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The trivial case of the angular momentum of a body in an orbit is given by = where is the mass of the orbiting object, is the orbit's frequency and is the orbit's radius.. The angular momentum of a uniform rigid sphere rotating around its axis, instead, is given by = where is the sphere's mass, is the frequency of rotation and is the sphere's radius.
The torque acting on a point-like particle is defined as the derivative of the angular momentum tensor given above with respect to proper time: [8] [9] = = or in tensor components: = where F is the 4d force acting on the particle at the event X. As with angular momentum, torque is additive, so for an extended object one sums or integrates over ...
Left: intrinsic "spin" angular momentum S is really orbital angular momentum of the object at every point, right: extrinsic orbital angular momentum L about an axis, top: the moment of inertia tensor I and angular velocity ω (L is not always parallel to ω) [6] bottom: momentum p and its radial position r from the axis. The total angular ...
Euler's second law states that the rate of change of angular momentum L about a point that is fixed in an inertial reference frame (often the center of mass of the body), is equal to the sum of the external moments of force acting on that body M about that point: [1] [4] [5]
A diagram of angular momentum. Showing angular velocity (Scalar) and radius. In physics, angular mechanics is a field of mechanics which studies rotational movement. It studies things such as angular momentum, angular velocity, and torque. It also studies more advanced things such as Coriolis force [1] and Angular aerodynamics.
In an inertial frame of reference (subscripted "in"), Euler's second law states that the time derivative of the angular momentum L equals the applied torque: = For point particles such that the internal forces are central forces, this may be derived using Newton's second law.
The angular momentum of a moving charged particle is defined as: = =, where μ is the mass of the particle and v is the particle's velocity. The angular momentum of the very large number of charged particles that make up a current therefore is: L = ∭ V r × ( ρ v ) d V , {\displaystyle \mathbf {L} =\iiint _{V}\,\mathbf {r} \times (\rho ...
In simpler terms, the total angular momentum operator characterizes how a quantum system is changed when it is rotated. The relationship between angular momentum operators and rotation operators is the same as the relationship between Lie algebras and Lie groups in mathematics, as discussed further below. The different types of rotation ...