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This requires a standby calculation engine to perform a forward pass and a backward pass of the entire network when planning ceases or when an interim calculation is necessary for further planning. The result is that planning and scheduling are separate processes performed in sequential order.
However, when back-propagation through time is applied, additional processes are needed because updating input and output layers cannot be done at once. General procedures for training are as follows: For forward pass, forward states and backward states are passed first, then output neurons are passed.
Scheduling is the process of arranging, controlling and optimizing work and workloads in a production process. Companies use backward and forward scheduling to allocate plant and machinery resources, plan human resources, plan production processes and purchase materials.
Without a backward pass (for retrodiction), the sequence of predictions in an online filtering algorithm does not look smooth. In other words, retrospectively, it is as if we are using future observations for improving estimation of a point in past, when those observations about future points become available.
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The first pass goes forward in time while the second goes backward in time; hence the name forward–backward algorithm. The term forward–backward algorithm is also used to refer to any algorithm belonging to the general class of algorithms that operate on sequence models in a forward–backward manner. In this sense, the descriptions in the ...
Moving backward is also common in sports — think soccer players and referees. There are even some backward running and walking races, plus people moving in reverse while competing in famous ...
The post 26 Palindrome Examples: Words and Phrases That Are the Same Backwards and Forwards appeared first on Reader's Digest. Palindrome words are spelled the same backward and forward.