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The company was purchased by Frank Gibson, a competing manufacturer of "ice refrigerators" in the early 1900s. It was the largest in its industry at the time. In 1931, the company began making electric refrigerators. [1] During the Second World War, Gibson manufactured 1,078 Waco CG-4 troop and cargo assault gliders under license.
In the cooling step on the inside of the refrigerator, the g state particle absorbs energy from ambient particles, cooling them, and itself jumping to the e state. In the second step, on the outside of the refrigerator where the particles are also at an e state, the particle falls to the g state, releasing energy and heating the outside particles.
A refrigerator without a frozen food storage compartment may have a small section just to make ice cubes. Freezers may have drawers to store food in, or they may have no divisions (chest freezers). Refrigerators and freezers may be free-standing, or built into a kitchen's cabinet. Three distinct classes of refrigerator are common:
In 1947, Amana manufactured the first upright freezer for the home, and in 1949 it added a side-by-side refrigerator. [4] In 1950 the company was sold to a group of investors, including its founder, and became Amana Refrigeration, Inc. [5] In 1954, it began making air conditioners. [6]
By 1960, only 13% of homes in the United Kingdom had a refrigerator, compared to 96% in the United States. Around that time Lec produced its Twelve Six range of fridges, costing £179 each. In 1970, the Co Op ( Co-operative Wholesale Society ) decided to produce its own range of freezers, manufactured by Lec, which retailed at £93.
Modern refrigerators are still called yakhchal in Persian. c. 60 AD – Hero of Alexandria knew of the principle that certain substances, notably air, expand and contract and described a demonstration in which a closed tube partially filled with air had its end in a container of water. [ 3 ]
An icebox (also called a cold closet) is a compact non-mechanical refrigerator which was a common early-twentieth-century kitchen appliance before the development of safely powered refrigeration devices. Before the development of electric refrigerators, iceboxes were referred to by the public as "refrigerators".
The Einstein–Szilard or Einstein refrigerator is an absorption refrigerator which has no moving parts, operates at constant pressure, and requires only a heat source to operate. It was jointly invented in 1926 by Albert Einstein and his former student Leó Szilárd , who patented it in the U.S. on November 11, 1930 ( U.S. patent 1,781,541 ).