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Instruments used in surveying include: Alidade; Alidade table; Cosmolabe; Dioptra; Dumpy level; Engineer's chain; Geodimeter; Graphometer; Groma (surveying) Laser scanning; Level; Level staff; Measuring tape; Plane table; Pole (surveying) Prism (surveying) (corner cube retroreflector) Prismatic compass (angle measurement) Ramsden surveying ...
Traditional geodetic instruments such as theodolites rely on the gravity field for orienting their vertical axis along the local plumb line or local vertical direction with the aid of a spirit level. After that, vertical angles ( zenith angles or, alternatively, elevation angles) are obtained with respect to this local vertical, and horizontal ...
Geodesy - the science of measuring and representing the geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation of the Earth in temporally varying 3D. List of geodesists; History of geodesy; Physical geodesy; International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics; International Association of Geodesy
Surveying instruments ... Pages in category "Geodesy" The following 166 pages are in this category, out of 166 total. ... Physical geodesy; Planetary coordinate system;
There are many methods and types of instruments used in geophysical surveys. Technologies used for geophysical surveys include: [1] Seismic methods, such as reflection seismology, seismic refraction, and seismic tomography. This type of survey is carried out to discover the detailed structure of the rock formations beneath the surface of the Earth.
Gravitational instruments (2 C, 6 P) Pages in category "Gravimetry" The following 26 pages are in this category, out of 26 total. ... Physical geodesy; T. Theoretical ...
Although a gyro-theodolite functions at the equator and in both the northern and southern hemispheres, it cannot be used at either the North Pole or South Pole, where the Earth's axis is precisely perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the spinner and the meridian is undefined. Gyro-theodolites are not normally used within about 15 degrees of ...
A direct-readout theodolite, manufactured in the Soviet Union in 1958 and used for topographic surveying. A theodolite (/ θ i ˈ ɒ d ə ˌ l aɪ t /) [1] is a precision optical instrument for measuring angles between designated visible points in the horizontal and vertical planes.