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The density can be calculated by dividing the grammage of paper (in grams per square metre or "gsm") by its caliper (usually in micrometres, occasionally in mils). [1] The "ISO 534:2011, Paper and board — Determination of thickness, density and specific volume" indicates that the paper density is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm ...
Grammage and basis weight, in the pulp and paper industry, are the area density of a paper product, that is, its mass per unit of area. Two ways of expressing the area density of a paper product are commonly used: Expressed in grams (g) per square metre (g/m 2), regardless of its thickness [1] (known as grammage). This is the measure used in ...
Set-off is measured at two different time intervals, 0.35s and 3s. A freshly printed surface is pressed against a paper after 0.35s and after 3s. Then the set-off density is measured. The idea behind selecting these two timings is to know what will be the set-off when the materials are used in a high-speed press and a low-speed press.
The telephone cables have a large number of conductors that are individually insulated. The paper needs to be thin (30-40 g/m 2). A normal power cable needs more insulation and therefore paper with higher paper density is used, normally 60-190 g/m 2. The paper needs to be strong, elastic, uniform and free of holes or debris.
In the US, paper density is usually measured in "pound per reams" (of 500 sheets). Typical Letter paper has a basis weight of paper of 20 or 24 pounds (9.1 or 10.9 kg) – the weight of 500 sheets (a ream) of 17-by-22-inch (431.8 by 558.8 mm) paper at 70 °F (21 °C) and at 50% humidity. [ 3 ]
DMax and DMin refer to the maximum and minimum density that can be produced by the material. The difference between the two is the density range. [1] The density range is related to the exposure range (dynamic range), which is the range of light intensity that is represented by the recording, via the Hurter–Driffield curve.
Machine-finished coated paper (MFC) has a basis weight of 48–80 g/m 2.They have good surface properties, high print gloss and adequate sheet stiffness. MFC papers are made of 60–85% groundwood or thermomechanical pulp (TMP) and 15–40% chemical pulp with a total pigment content of 20–30%.
Left: individual linear polymer chains Right: Polymer chains which have been cross linked to give a rigid 3D thermoset polymer. In materials science, a thermosetting polymer, often called a thermoset, is a polymer that is obtained by irreversibly hardening ("curing") a soft solid or viscous liquid prepolymer (). [1]