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Johann Gottfried Galle, 1880 Memorial plaque in Wittenberg. Johann Gottfried Galle (9 June 1812 – 10 July 1910) was a German astronomer from Radis, Germany, at the Berlin Observatory who, on 23 September 1846, with the assistance of student Heinrich Louis d'Arrest, was the first person to view the planet Neptune and know what he was looking at.
Johann Gottfried Galle, 1880 The 9" refractor which was used to discover Neptune is at Deutsches Museum in Munich today. Position of Neptune (marked with a cross) on the date of its discovery, the September 23rd, 1846
Neptune was subsequently directly observed with a telescope on 23 September 1846 [2] by Johann Gottfried Galle within a degree of the position predicted by Le Verrier. Its largest moon, Triton , was discovered shortly thereafter, though none of the planet's remaining moons were located telescopically until the 20th century.
While still a student at the University of Berlin, d'Arrest was party to Johann Gottfried Galle's search for Neptune.On 23 September 1846, he suggested that a recently drawn chart of the sky, in the region of Urbain Le Verrier's predicted location, could be compared with the current sky to seek the displacement characteristic of a planet, as opposed to a stationary star.
Johann Gottfried Galle and his assistant Heinrich Louis d'Arrest discovered Neptune in 1846, near the position computed by Urbain Le Verrier. From 1866 to 1900, Arthur Auwers published his fundamental star catalog of 170,000 stars ( Fundamental-Catalog für Zonenbeobachtungen am Südhimmel und südlicher Polar-Catalog für die Epoche 1900 ).
Le Verrier sent the coordinates to Johann Gottfried Galle in Berlin, asking him to verify. Galle found Neptune the same night he received Le Verrier's letter, within 1° of the predicted position. Galle found Neptune the same night he received Le Verrier's letter, within 1° of the predicted position.
The innermost ring of Neptune is called the Galle ring after Johann Gottfried Galle, the first person to see Neptune through a telescope (1846). [15] It is about 2,000 km wide and orbits 41,000–43,000 km from the planet. [ 4 ]
In 1846, Le Verrier sent his position to Johann Gottfried Galle, asking him to verify it. The same night, Galle spotted Neptune near the position Le Verrier had predicted. [107] Not every comparison was successful.