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The lexical ambiguity of a word or phrase applies to it having more than one meaning in the language to which the word belongs. [4] "Meaning" here refers to whatever should be represented by a good dictionary. For instance, the word "bank" has several distinct lexical definitions, including "financial institution" and "edge of a river".
Some words have multiple interpretations and have different meanings dependent upon one's perspective. What one source describes as a 'war', may be described as an 'invasion' by the other side. Use of such words tends to be seen as advocating the views of one side over the other, unless they are clearly attributed to the correct side.
Another way of characterizing social epistemology is as the evaluation of the social dimensions of knowledge or information. [ 1 ] As a field of inquiry in analytic philosophy , social epistemology deals with questions about knowledge in social contexts, meaning those in which knowledge attributions cannot be explained by examining individuals ...
Social proof is used in ambiguous social situations where people are unable to determine the appropriate mode of behavior, and is driven by the assumption that the surrounding people possess more knowledge about the current situation. The effects of social influence can be seen in the tendency of large groups to conform.
Another proposal is that people show confirmation bias because they are pragmatically assessing the costs of being wrong rather than investigating in a neutral, scientific way. Flawed decisions due to confirmation bias have been found in a wide range of political, organizational, financial and scientific contexts.
The term worldview is a calque of the German word Weltanschauung [ˈvɛltʔanˌʃaʊ.ʊŋ] ⓘ, composed of Welt ('world') and Anschauung ('perception' or 'view'). [3] The German word is also used in English. It is a concept fundamental to German philosophy, especially epistemology and refers to a wide world perception.
Biased beliefs on how minorities act and think affect how individuals interact with minority members. [ 4 ] Aversive racism was coined by Joel Kovel to describe the subtle racial behaviors of any ethnic or racial group who rationalize their aversion to a particular group by appeal to rules or stereotypes (Dovidio & Gaertner, p. 62). [ 1 ]
Polygenism is a theory of human origins which posits the view that the humans are of different origins (polygenesis).This view is opposite to the idea of monogenism, which posits a single origin of humanity.