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However, some people tan more easily than others, due to differences in their genotype: [5] a striking example is people with the inherited trait of albinism, who do not tan at all and are very sensitive to sunburn. [6] Heritable traits are known to be passed from one generation to the next via DNA, a molecule that encodes genetic information. [2]
Genetics tries to identify which traits are inherited and to explain how these traits are passed from generation to generation. Some traits are part of an organism's physical appearance, such as eye color or height. Other sorts of traits are not easily seen and include blood types or resistance to diseases. Some traits are inherited through ...
Autosomal traits are associated with a single gene on an autosome (non-sex chromosome)—they are called "dominant" because a single copy—inherited from either parent—is enough to cause this trait to appear. This often means that one of the parents must also have the same trait, unless it has arisen due to an unlikely new mutation.
Secondary homology is implied by parsimony analysis, where a character state that arises only once on a tree is taken to be homologous. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] As implied in this definition, many cladists consider secondary homology to be synonymous with synapomorphy , a shared derived character or trait state that distinguishes a clade from other organisms.
An individual who has inherited a recessive allele for a genetic trait or mutation but in whom the trait is not usually expressed or observable in the phenotype. Carriers are usually heterozygous for the recessive allele and therefore still able to pass the allele onto their offspring, where the associated phenotype may reappear if the ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 29 December 2024. Science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms This article is about the general scientific term. For the scientific journal, see Genetics (journal). For a more accessible and less technical introduction to this topic, see Introduction to genetics. For the Meghan Trainor ...
Genetics is, generally, the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity. The process by which characteristics are passed down from parents to their offspring is called heredity. In the sense of classical genetics, variation is known as the lack of resemblance in related individuals and can be categorized as discontinuous or continuous.
Genotype contributes to phenotype, the observable traits and characteristics in an individual or organism. [3] The degree to which genotype affects phenotype depends on the trait. For example, the petal color in a pea plant is exclusively determined by genotype. The petals can be purple or white depending on the alleles present in the pea plant ...