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Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart. Some flow is a normal condition both pre-birth and immediately post-birth via the foramen ovale ; however, when this does not naturally close after birth it is referred to as a patent (open) foramen ovale (PFO).
An atrial septal defect is a congenital heart defect where the septum between the right and left atrium doesn’t close up all the way and remains open after birth. This causes oxygenated blood to go into pulmonary circulation. One complication from this condition is a paradoxical embolus which crosses from the right to the left side via the ASD.
Foramen secundum atrial septal defects are the most common atrial septal defects. This defect can arise as a result of defects of the septum primum and the septum secundum. For the septum primum, the problem can arise as a result of excess resorption of the septum during the process of apoptosis in order to form the foramen secundum.
"When the fetus is still in utero -- the heart begins to form within the first couple weeks of gestation, and is pretty close to fully formed -- at least all the basic components are in place ...
Congenital (at birth) atrial septal defect refers to a hole being in the septum or wall that separates the two atria; this condition is usually seen in fetuses and infants. [3] Mitral stenosis refers to mitral valve leaflets (or valve flaps) sticking to each other making the opening for blood to pass from the atrium to the ventricles very small ...
The ostium primum atrial septal defect is a defect in the atrial septum at the level of the tricuspid and mitral valves. This is sometimes known as an endocardial cushion defect because it often involves the endocardial cushion, which is the portion of the heart where the atrial septum meets the ventricular septum and the mitral valve meets the tricuspid valve.
An Atrial septal defect is a relatively common heart malformation that occurs when the interatrial septum fails to develop properly. Persistence of the ostium secundum is the most common atrial septal defect. [3] Additionally, in a subset of the population, the foramen ovale is not overtly patent but the two septa have not fused.
Atrial septal defects (ASDs) are a kind of congenital heart abnormality in which a tiny opening exists between the two atria of the heart. [ 86 ] [ 12 ] The burden on the right side of the heart is increased as a result of these abnormalities, as is the blood flow to the lungs.