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  2. Hans Gross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Gross

    Hans Gustav Adolf Gross or Groß (26 December 1847 – 9 December 1915) was an Austrian criminal jurist and criminologist, the "Founding Father" of criminal profiling. A criminal jurist, Gross made a mark as the creator of the field of criminality. Throughout his life, Hans Gross made significant contributions to the realm of scientific ...

  3. Cesare Beccaria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria

    He is well remembered for his treatise On Crimes and Punishments (1764), which condemned torture and the death penalty, and was a founding work in the field of penology and the classical school of criminology. Beccaria is considered the father of modern criminal law and the father of criminal justice. [3] [4] [5]

  4. August Vollmer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Vollmer

    August Vollmer (March 7, 1876 – November 4, 1955) was the first police chief of Berkeley, California, and a leading figure in the development of the field of criminal justice in the United States in the early 20th century. He has been described as "the father of modern policing". [1]

  5. Cesare Lombroso - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Lombroso

    Cesare Lombroso (/ l ɒ m ˈ b r oʊ s oʊ / lom-BROH-soh, [1] [2] US also / l ɔː m ˈ-/ lawm-; [3] Italian: [ˈtʃeːzare lomˈbroːzo, ˈtʃɛː-,-oːso]; born Ezechia Marco Lombroso; 6 November 1835 – 19 October 1909) was an Italian eugenicist, criminologist, phrenologist, physician, and founder of the Italian school of criminology.

  6. Classical school (criminology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_school_(criminology)

    In criminology, the classical school usually refers to the 18th-century work during the Enlightenment by the utilitarian and social-contract philosophers Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria. Their interests lay in the system of criminal justice and penology and indirectly through the proposition that "man is a calculating animal," in the causes ...

  7. Gilbert Geis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Geis

    Gilbert Lawrence Geis (January 10, 1925 – November 10, 2012) was an American criminologist known for his research on white-collar crime. [3] He is particularly recognized for his paper "The Heavy Electric Equipment Antitrust Case of 1961", originally published in the 1967 book Criminal Behavior Systems: A Typology.

  8. Criminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminology

    Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909), an Italian sociologist working in the late 19th century, is often called "the father of criminology". [21] He was one of the key contributors to biological positivism and founded the Italian school of criminology. [22] Lombroso took a scientific approach, insisting on empirical evidence for studying crime. [23]

  9. Raffaele Garofalo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffaele_Garofalo

    He was a student of Cesare Lombroso, often regarded as the father of criminology. He rejected the doctrine of free will (which was the main tenet of the Classical School) and supported the position that crime can be understood only if it is studied by scientific methods. He attempted to formulate a sociological definition of crime that would ...