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  2. G2-M DNA damage checkpoint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G2-M_DNA_damage_checkpoint

    G2-M arrest. The G 2-M DNA damage checkpoint is an important cell cycle checkpoint in eukaryotic organisms that ensures that cells don't initiate mitosis until damaged or incompletely replicated DNA is sufficiently repaired. Cells with a defective G 2-M checkpoint will undergo apoptosis or death after cell division if they enter the M phase ...

  3. G2 phase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G2_phase

    Curiously, G 2 phase is not a necessary part of the cell cycle, as some cell types (particularly young Xenopus embryos [1] and some cancers [2]) proceed directly from DNA replication to mitosis. Though much is known about the genetic network which regulates G2 phase and subsequent entry into mitosis, there is still much to be discovered ...

  4. Cell cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle

    The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G 1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G 2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm and cell membrane divides forming two daughter cells.

  5. Cell cycle checkpoint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle_checkpoint

    The restriction point occurs between the G 1 and S phases of interphase. The G 2-M checkpoint occurs between the G 2 and M phases. The spindle checkpoint occurs during the M phase. Key cyclins associated with each phase are shown. Cell cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms in the eukaryotic cell cycle which ensure its

  6. Biochemical switches in the cell cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_switches_in...

    The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. [1]

  7. Eukaryotic DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_DNA_replication

    In eukaryotes, the vast majority of DNA synthesis occurs during S phase of the cell cycle, and the entire genome must be unwound and duplicated to form two daughter copies. During G 2, any damaged DNA or replication errors are corrected. Finally, one copy of the genomes is segregated into each daughter cell at the mitosis or M phase. [2]

  8. Neuronal cell cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronal_cell_cycle

    The G2/M phase transition is regulated by the formation of the Cdk1/cyclin B complex. Inhibition through the cell cycle is maintained by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) of the Ink and Cip/Kip families which inhibit the cyclin/CDK complex. CDK4/6 is inhibited by p15Ink4b, p16Ink4a, p18Ink4c, and p19Ink4d.

  9. Cell cycle analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle_analysis

    Cell cycle analysis by DNA content measurement is a method that most frequently employs flow cytometry to distinguish cells in different phases of the cell cycle.Before analysis, the cells are usually permeabilised and treated with a fluorescent dye that stains DNA quantitatively, such as propidium iodide (PI) or 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI).