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e. A troubadour (English: / ˈtruːbədʊər, - dɔːr /, French: [tʁubaduʁ] ⓘ; Occitan: trobador [tɾuβaˈðu] ⓘ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word troubadour is etymologically masculine, a female equivalent is usually called a trobairitz.
Trouvère (/ truːˈvɛər /, French: [tʁuvɛʁ]), sometimes spelled trouveur (/ truːˈvɜːr /, French: [tʁuvœʁ]), is the Northern French (langue d'oïl) form of the langue d'oc (Occitan) word trobador, the precursor of the modern French word troubadour. Trouvère refers to poet-composers who were roughly contemporary with and influenced ...
This is a list of troubadours and trobairitz, men and women who are known to have composed lyric verse in the Old Occitan language. They are listed alphabetically by first name. Those whose first name is uncertain or unknown are listed by nickname or title, ignoring any initial definite article (i.e., lo , la ).
The names of about twenty female poets from the 12th and 13th centuries survive, with an estimated thirty-two works attributed to the trobairitz. [6] [9] There are about 5 percent as many trobairitz as there are troubadours, and the number of surviving compositions by trobairitz amounts to around 1 percent of those we have by the troubadours. [6]
Adam de la Halle (1245–50 – 1285–8/after 1306) was a French poet-composer trouvère. [1] Among the few medieval composers to write both monophonic and polyphonic music, in this respect he has been considered both a conservative and progressive composer, resulting in a complex legacy: he cultivated admired representatives of older trouvère genres, but also experimented with newer ...
The music of the troubadours and trouvères was performed by minstrels called joglars (Occitan) or jongleurs (French). As early as 1321, the minstrels of Paris were formed into a guild. [6] A guild of royal minstrels was organized in England in 1469. [6] Minstrels were required to either join the guild or abstain from practising their craft.
Bernart de Ventadorn (also Bernard de Ventadour or Bernat del Ventadorn; c. 1130–1140 – c. 1190–1200) was a French poet-composer troubadour of the classical age of troubadour poetry. [1] Generally regarded as the most important troubadour in both poetry and music, [1] his 18 extant melodies of 45 known poems in total is the most to ...
The Comtessa de Dia (Countess of Die), [1] possibly named Beatritz or Isoarda (fl. c. 1175 or c. 1212), was a trobairitz (female troubadour).. She is only known as the comtessa de Dia in contemporary documents, but was most likely the daughter of Count Isoard II of Diá (a town northeast of Montelimar now known as Die in southern France).