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CRISPR gene editing is a revolutionary technology that allows for precise, targeted modifications to the DNA of living organisms. Developed from a natural defense mechanism found in bacteria, CRISPR-Cas9 is the most commonly used system, that allows "cutting" of DNA at specific locations and either delete, modify, or insert genetic material.
Targeted gene knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 requires the use of a delivery system to introduce the sgRNA and Cas9 into the cell. Although a number of different delivery systems are potentially available for CRISPR, [37] [38] genome-wide loss-of-function screens are predominantly carried out using third generation lentiviral vectors.
CRISPR-Cas9. CRISPR gene editing (CRISPR, pronounced / ˈ k r ɪ s p ə r / "crisper", refers to "clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats") is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms may be modified.
CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) is a genetic perturbation technique that allows for sequence-specific repression of gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. [1] It was first developed by Stanley Qi and colleagues in the laboratories of Wendell Lim , Adam Arkin, Jonathan Weissman , and Jennifer Doudna . [ 2 ]
CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) is a type of CRISPR tool that uses modified versions of CRISPR effectors without endonuclease activity, with added transcriptional activators on dCas9 or the guide RNAs (gRNAs). [1] Like for CRISPR interference, the CRISPR effector is guided to the target by a complementary guide RNA.
Prime editing. Prime editing is a 'search-and-replace' genome editing technology in molecular biology by which the genome of living organisms may be modified. The technology directly writes new genetic information into a targeted DNA site. It uses a fusion protein, consisting of a catalytically impaired Cas9 endonuclease fused to an engineered ...