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Under the Roman Republic, which had no standing army, their own citizens were planted in conquered towns as a kind of garrison.There were two types: [1] [2] Roman colonies, coloniae civium Romanorum or coloniae maritimae, as they were often built near the sea, e.g. Ostia (350 BC) and Rimini (268 BC).
Map of Indonesia; 1674–1745 by Khatib Çelebi, a geographer from the Ottoman Turks. The earliest accounts of the Indonesian archipelago date from the Abbasid Caliphate , according to those early accounts the Indonesian archipelago were famous among early Muslim sailors mainly due to its abundance of precious spice trade commodities such as ...
Subsequent colonial empires included the French, English, Dutch and Japanese empires. By the mid-17th century, the Tsardom of Russia, continued later as the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and modern Russia, became the largest contiguous state in the world and remains so to this day. Colonial powers in 1898 [a]
Map showing Roman colonies as of the mid-2nd century AD. Augustus' "Roman coloniae" in north Africa are depicted in red. It was an old custom in ancient Italy to send out colonies for the purpose of securing new conquests. The Romans, having no standing army, used to plant bodies of their own citizens in conquered towns as a kind of garrison.
This in turn derives from the word colōnus, which referred to a Roman tenant farmer. Settlements that began as Roman coloniae include cities from Cologne (which retains this history in its name) to Belgrade to York. A telltale sign of a settlement within the Roman sphere of influence once being a Roman colony is a city centre with a grid ...
The colonial map was redrawn following the defeat of the German Empire and the Ottoman Empire after the World War I (1914–18). Colonies from the defeated empires were transferred to the newly founded League of Nations , which itself redistributed it to the victorious powers as "mandates" .
Historic maps of the Roman Empire. This category is for historic maps showing all or a large part of the Roman Empire. See subcategories for smaller areas. "Historic maps" means maps made over seventy (70) years ago.
Colonialism developed as a concept describing European colonial empires of the modern era, which spread globally from the 15th century to the mid-20th century, spanning 35% of Earth's land by 1800 and peaking at 84% by the beginning of World War I. [10] European colonialism employed mercantilism and chartered companies, and established ...