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The vast majority of computer surveillance involves the monitoring of data and traffic on the Internet. [9] In the United States for example, under the Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act, all phone calls and broadband Internet traffic (emails, web traffic, instant messaging, etc.) are required to be available for unimpeded real-time monitoring by federal law enforcement agencies.
Inverse surveillance is a subset of sousveillance with an emphasis on "watchful vigilance from underneath" and a form of surveillance inquiry or legal protection involving the recording, monitoring, study, or analysis of surveillance systems, proponents of surveillance, and possibly also recordings of authority figures.
Surveillance abuse, the use of surveillance methods to monitor an individual or group in a way that violates the social norms or laws of a society Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Surveillance .
Countersurveillance refers to measures that are usually undertaken by the public to prevent surveillance, [1] including covert surveillance.Countersurveillance may include electronic methods such as technical surveillance counter-measures, which is the process of detecting surveillance devices.
The vast majority of computer surveillance involves the monitoring of personal data and traffic on the Internet. [7] For example, in the United States, the Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act mandates that all phone calls and broadband internet traffic (emails, web traffic, instant messaging, etc.) be available for unimpeded, real-time monitoring by Federal law enforcement agencies.
Dataveillance is the practice of monitoring and collecting online data as well as metadata. [1] The word is a portmanteau of data and surveillance. [2] Dataveillance is concerned with the continuous monitoring of users' communications and actions across various platforms. [3]
Equiveillance represents a balance of the power relationships that surveillance and sousveillance touch upon. When there is an imbalance, social consequences can range from loss of privacy, to social reactions that in the aggregate lead to unrest and political instability.
Counter-surveillance refers to surveillance-based challenges to power imbalances between individuals and institutions. [7] Although state and industry mass surveillance has received substantial public attention in the wake of disclosures like those made by Edward Snowden about the National Security Agency, interest in activist-deployed and peer surveillance has been increasing.