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Sundarbans (Bengali: সুন্দরবন) (pronounced / s ʌ n ˈ d ɑːr b ə n z /) is a mangrove forest area in the Ganges Delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. Spread across parts of India and Bangladesh, this forest is the largest mangrove forest in the world. [6]
The Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve or Indian Sundarbans covers an area of 9,630 square kilometers (3,720 sq mi) and is divided into core, buffer, and transi-tion zones. [3] The area of reserved forest under the Biosphere Reserve is about 4263 km 2 , [ 3 ] of which 55% land is under vegetation cover and the remaining 45 per cent under wetland ...
According to the Indian State of Forest Report (2021), the total mangrove cover in India is approximately 4,992 km 2, which constitutes about 0.15% of the country's total geographical area. [11] According to the 2023 report, it decreased to 4,991.68 km square, a decrease of 7.43 sq km in 2 years.
The Sunderban Tiger Reserve is located in the South 24 Parganas district of the Indian state of West Bengal, and has a total geographical area of 2585 km 2, with 1437.4 km 2 consisting of populated areas and forest covering the remaining 1474 km 2. The Sunderban landscape is contiguous with the mangrove habitat in Bangladesh.
The largest mangrove forest in the world is in the Sundarbans. The Sundarban forest lies in the vast delta on the Bay of Bengal formed by the super confluence of the Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers with distributaries of the Ganges. The seasonally flooded Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests lie inland from the mangrove forests on the coastal fringe.
Sundarbans East Wildlife Sanctuary, a protected forest in Bangladesh, extends over an area of 31,227 ha. of mangrove forest. It was established in 1977 under the Bangladesh Wildlife (Preservation) (Amendment) Act, 1974 , having previously been a forest reserve.
The larger full screen map shows the full forest area. [1] A large section of the area is a part of the Sundarbans settlements. [2] The densely populated area is an overwhelmingly rural area. Only 12.96% of the population lives in the urban areas and 87.04% of the population lives in the rural areas. [3] [4]
Between 1968 and 1983, 2,370 km 2 (920 sq mi) of mangrove forest were lost to the creation of cultured ponds for farming fish, shrimp, and other aquatic resources. Urbanization is also the main cause of the loss of the formerly extensive mangrove forests in Manila Bay. [46] [47] [48] Olo-Olo Mangrove Forest and Ecopark in Batangas, Philippines