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[2] [3] [5] As a diuretic, sambong is an herb used to treat urolithiasis (urinary tract or kidney stones) and urinary tract infections, [2] and thus reduces high blood pressure. [5] Sambong works as an expectorant , an anti-diarrheal and an anti-spasmotic, all of which treat some symptoms of the common cold.
Uses have included reducing pain and swelling, lowering triglyceride and cholesterol levels and fighting viruses and harmful bacteria, due to high levels of Vitamin C. [35] [36] [37] Capsicum frutescens: Chili: Its active ingredient, capsaicine, is the basic of commercial pain-relief ointments in Western medicine.
Beyond adverse effects from the herb itself, "adulteration, inappropriate formulation, or lack of understanding of plant and drug interactions have led to adverse reactions that are sometimes life threatening or lethal." [3]
The bark of willow trees contains salicylic acid, the active metabolite of aspirin, and has been used for millennia to relieve pain and reduce fever. [1] Swertia perennis found in high mountain places of Nepal. Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times.
Shiso – shiso [17] is the now common name [18] for the Japanese culinary herb, seed, or entire annual plant of Perilla frutescens. Sorrel – or garden sorrel, often simply called sorrel, is a perennial herb that is cultivated as a garden herb or leaf vegetable. Tarragon – perennial herb in the family Asteraceae related to wormwood.
Some herbs may amplify the effects of anticoagulants. [52] Certain herbs as well as common fruit interfere with cytochrome P450, an enzyme critical to much drug metabolism. [53] In a 2018 study, the FDA identified active pharmaceutical additives in over 700 analyzed dietary supplements sold as "herbal", "natural" or "traditional". [54]
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Fenugreek is used as a herb (dried or fresh leaves), spice (seeds), and vegetable (fresh leaves, sprouts, and microgreens). Sotolon is the chemical responsible for the distinctive maple-syrup smell of fenugreek. [13] [4]