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A United States Navy Aviation boatswain's mate tests the specific gravity of JP-5 fuel. Relative density, also called specific gravity, [1] [2] is a dimensionless quantity defined as the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material.
Since API gravity is an inverse measure of a liquid's density relative to that of water, it can be calculated by first dividing the liquid's density by the density of water at a base temperature (usually 60 °F) to compute Specific Gravity (SG), then converting the Specific Gravity to Degrees API as follows: = =
SG is the specific gravity of the fluid (for water = 1), ΔP is the pressure drop across the valve (expressed in psi). In more practical terms, the flow coefficient C v is the volume (in US gallons) of water at 60 °F (16 °C) that will flow per minute through a valve with a pressure drop of 1 psi (6.9 kPa) across the valve.
In that case, the specific volume would equal 0.4672 in 3 /lb. However, if the temperature is changed to 1160 °R, the specific volume of the super heated steam would have changed to 0.2765 in 3 /lb, which is a 59% overall change. Knowing the specific volumes of two or more substances allows one to find useful information for certain applications.
Growth in renewable (but unsteady) energy sources has placed greater burden on modern gas-fired electric plants to cycle on and off to maintain steady and reliable electric production between Renewables and Base Load. These plants utilize a combination of gas (70%) and steam (30%) turbines to produce electricity. Critical for top efficiency is ...
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The Wobbe index is expressed in MJ/Nm³ (where 'Nm³' indicates'm³ in Normal conditions), or sometimes in BTU/scf.In the case of natural gas (molar mass 17 g/mol), the typical heating value is around 39 MJ/Nm³ (1,050 BTU/scf) and the specific gravity is approximately 0.59, giving a typical Wobbe index of 51 MJ/Nm³ (1,367 BTU/scf).
Steam and water analysis system (SWAS) [1] is a system dedicated to the analysis of steam or water.In power stations, it is usually used to analyze boiler steam and water to ensure the water used to generate electricity is clean from impurities which can cause corrosion to any metallic surface, such as in boiler and turbine.