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In electronics, electric power and telecommunication, coupling is the transfer of electrical energy from one circuit to another, or between parts of a circuit. Coupling can be deliberate as part of the function of the circuit, or it may be undesirable, for instance due to coupling to stray fields .
The coupling constant of a plasma is given by the ratio of its average Coulomb-interaction energy to its average kinetic energy—or how strongly the electric force of each atom holds the plasma together. [4] Plasmas can therefore be categorized into weakly- and strongly-coupled plasmas depending upon the value of this ratio.
Fig. 3 Energy diagram for Electron Transfer including inner and outer sphere reorganization and electronic coupling: The vertical axis is the free energy, and the horizontal axis is the "reaction coordinate" – a simplified axis representing the motion of all the atomic nuclei (including solvent reorganization)
Coupling may be intentional or unintentional. Unintentional inductive coupling can cause signals from one circuit to be induced into a nearby circuit, this is called cross-talk, and is a form of electromagnetic interference. k is the coupling coefficient, Le1 and Le2 is the leakage inductance, M1 (M2) is the mutual inductance
where is the energy of the process involved and β 0 is a constant first computed by Wilczek, Gross and Politzer. Conversely, the coupling increases with decreasing energy. This means that the coupling becomes large at low energies, and one can no longer rely on perturbation theory. Hence, the actual value of the coupling constant is only ...
Capacitive coupling is the transfer of energy within an electrical network or between distant networks by means of displacement current between circuit(s) nodes, induced by the electric field. This coupling can have an intentional or accidental effect. Capacitive coupling from high-voltage power lines can light a lamp continuously at low intensity.
The coupling coefficient of resonators is a dimensionless value that characterizes interaction of two resonators. Coupling coefficients are used in resonator filter ...
Often, however, cross-coupling refers to a metal-catalyzed reaction of a nucleophilic partner with an electrophilic partner. Mechanism proposed for Kumada coupling (L = Ligand , Ar = Aryl ). In such cases, the mechanism generally involves reductive elimination of R-R' from L n MR(R') (L = spectator ligand ).