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Lymphedema is most frequently a complication of cancer treatment or parasitic infections, but it can also be seen in a number of genetic disorders. Tissues with lymphedema are at high risk of infection because the lymphatic system has been compromised. [3] Though incurable and progressive, a number of treatments may improve symptoms. [2]
Both drug and non-drug based treatment options are available to treat with lymphanginitis. The wound should be treated properly, dead tissues should be removed from the wound site, and pus drained. Applying heat to the affected lymph node using hot, moist compresses, or heating pads.
The most successful treatment for lymphangiosarcoma is amputation of the affected limb if possible. Chemotherapy may be administered if there is evidence or suspicion of metastatic disease. Evidence supporting the effectiveness of chemotherapy is, in many cases, unclear due to a wide variety of prognostic factors and small sample size.
Primary lymphedema is a form of lymphedema which is not directly attributable to another medical condition. It can be divided into three forms, depending upon age of onset: congenital lymphedema, lymphedema praecox, and lymphedema tarda. [1] Congenital lymphedema presents at birth. Lymphedema praecox presents from ages 1 to 35.
Meige disease is also an autosomal dominant disease. It has been linked to a mutations in the 'forkhead' family transcription factor gene located on the long arm of chromosome 16 (16q24.3). About 2000 cases have been identified. A third type of hereditary lymphedema, that has an onset after the age of 35 is known as lymphedema tarda. [9]
Secondary lymphedema is a condition characterized by swelling of the soft tissues in which an excessive amount of lymph has accumulated, and is caused by certain malignant diseases such as Hodgkin's disease and Kaposi sarcoma. [1]: 849