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Some experts believe post-concussion symptoms are caused by structural damage to the brain or disruption of neurotransmitter systems, resulting from the impact that caused the concussion. [medical citation needed] Others believe that post-concussion symptoms are related to common psychological factors. Most common symptoms like headache ...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI, physical trauma to the brain) can cause a variety of complications, health effects that are not TBI themselves but that result from it. The risk of complications increases with the severity of the trauma; [1] however even mild traumatic brain injury can result in disabilities that interfere with social interactions, employment, and everyday living. [2]
A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. [8] Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, difficulty with thinking and concentration, sleep disturbances, mood changes, a brief period of memory loss, brief loss of consciousness; problems with balance; nausea; blurred vision; and mood changes.
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Closed-head injuries can range from mild injuries to debilitating traumatic brain injuries and can lead to severe brain damage or death. Common closed-head injuries include: [5] concussion – a head injury resulting in temporary dysfunction of normal brain function. Almost half of the total concussions reported each year are sports-related [5]
It is estimated that as many as 1.6–3.8 million concussions occur in the US per year in competitive sports and recreational activities; this is a rough estimate, since as many as 50% of concussions go unreported. [19] Concussions occur in all sports with the highest incidence in American football, ice hockey, rugby, soccer, and basketball. [4]
Minutes of an FA meeting in 1983 indicate it was "aware of the dangers" of concussion in football, say former players. Concussion in football: Dangers known for decades, say former players suing ...
Along with the short term effects that occur with second-impact syndrome, improper care for concussions can lead to longer term effects as well. [40] These include early onset dementia or Alzheimer's, and early onset of Parkinson's disease. Increased loss of vision and risk of stroke can occur further on in their lives. [41]