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  2. Vigenère cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigenère_cipher

    Despite the Vigenère cipher's apparent strength, it never became widely used throughout Europe. The Gronsfeld cipher is a variant attributed by Gaspar Schott to Count Gronsfeld (Josse Maximilaan van Gronsveld né van Bronckhorst) but was actually used much earlier by an ambassador of Duke of Mantua in 1560s-1570s. It is identical to the ...

  3. File:Zipf-code-1 English plain, book-coded, Vigenere coded.svg

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zipf-code-1_English...

    You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses ...

  4. Kasiski examination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasiski_examination

    Kasiski actually used "superimposition" to solve the Vigenère cipher. He started by finding the key length, as above. Then he took multiple copies of the message and laid them one-above-another, each one shifted left by the length of the key. Kasiski then observed that each column was made up of letters encrypted with a single alphabet. His ...

  5. The Alphabet Cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Alphabet_Cipher

    "The Alphabet Cipher" was a brief study published by Lewis Carroll in 1868, describing how to use the alphabet to send encrypted codes. [1] It was one of four ciphers he invented between 1858 and 1868, and one of two polyalphabetic ciphers he devised during that period and used to write letters to his friends.

  6. Friedrich Kasiski - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Kasiski

    In 1863, Kasiski published a 95-page book on cryptography, Die Geheimschriften und die Dechiffrir-Kunst (German, "Secret writing and the Art of Deciphering"). This was the first published account of a procedure for attacking polyalphabetic substitution ciphers, especially the Vigenère cipher (although it is possible Charles Babbage was already aware of a similar method but had not published it).

  7. Timeline of cryptography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cryptography

    1854 – Charles Wheatstone invents the Playfair cipher; c. 1854 – Babbage's method for breaking polyalphabetic ciphers (pub 1863 by Kasiski) 1855 – For the English side in Crimean War, Charles Babbage broke Vigenère's autokey cipher (the 'unbreakable cipher' of the time) as well as the much weaker cipher that is called Vigenère cipher ...

  8. Category:Classical ciphers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Classical_ciphers

    Download QR code; Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikimedia Commons; ... Affine cipher; Alberti cipher; The Alphabet Cipher;

  9. Giovan Battista Bellaso - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovan_Battista_Bellaso

    It was Giovan Battista Bellaso who first suggested identifying the alphabets by means of an agreed-upon countersign or keyword off-line. He also taught various ways of mixing the cipher alphabets in order to free the correspondents from the need to exchange disks or prescribed tables.