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Microbial genetics studies microorganisms for different purposes. The microorganisms that are observed are bacteria and archaea. Some fungi and protozoa are also subjects used to study in this field. The studies of microorganisms involve studies of genotype and expression system. Genotypes are the inherited compositions of an organism.
This method, which is commonly used with Mueller–Hinton agar, is used by evenly seeding bacteria over a petri dish and applying an antibiotic treated disk to the top of the agar. By observing the ring formed around the disk formed due to the lack of bacterial growth, the zone of inhibition can be found, which is used to find the ...
There are several models of the branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these is the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB). The GTDB is an initiative to establish a standardised microbial taxonomy based on genome phylogeny, primarily funded by an Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship.
DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) is used as a primary method to distinguish bacterial species as it is difficult to visually classify them accurately. [7] This technique is not widely used on larger organisms where differences in species are easier to identify.
Bacterial taxonomy is the classification of strains within the domain Bacteria into hierarchies of similarity. This classification is similar to that of plants, mammals, and other taxonomies. However, biologists specializing in different areas have developed differing taxonomic conventions over time.
Universal 16S bacterial primers have been used successfully to isolate cyanobacterial rDNA from environmental samples, but they also recover many bacterial sequences. [18] [19] The use of cyanobacteria-specific [20] or phyto-specific 16S markers is commonly used for focusing on cyanobacteria only. [21]
Genotyping is the process of determining differences in the genetic make-up of an individual by examining the individual's DNA sequence using biological assays and comparing it to another individual's sequence or a reference sequence.
Microbial taxonomy: the naming and classification of microorganisms Bacterial taxonomy: the naming and classification of bacteria; Microbial systematics: the study of the diversity and genetic relationship of microorganisms; Microbial phylogenetics: the study of the manner in which various groups of microorganisms are genetically related [4]