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Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a disorder characterized by catching or locking of the involved finger in full or near full flexion, typically with force. [2] There may be tenderness in the palm of the hand near the last skin crease (distal palmar crease ). [ 3 ]
Trigger finger is a common disorder which occurs when the sheath through which tendons pass, become swollen or irritated. Initially, the finger may catch during movement but symptoms like pain, swelling and a snap may occur with time. The finger often gets locked in one position and it may be difficult to straighten or bend the finger.
It usually begins as small, hard nodules just under the skin of the palm, [2] then worsens over time until the fingers can no longer be fully straightened. While typically not painful, some aching or itching, or pain, [7] may be present. [2] The ring finger followed by the little and middle fingers are most commonly affected. [2]
Infectious tenosynovitis in 2.5% to 9.4% of all hand infections. Kanavel's cardinal signs are used to diagnose infectious tenosynovitis. They are: tenderness to touch along the flexor aspect of the finger, fusiform enlargement of the affected finger, the finger being held in slight flexion at rest, and severe pain with passive extension.
If left untreated, this may lead to permanent inability to straighten the finger at the affected DIP joint. [16] This particular type of injury is known asmallet finger. It too, is commonly associated with an avulsion fracture. [17] It is a variation of a jammed finger, where the extensor tendons on the back of the finger are damaged. [18]
A mallet finger, also known as hammer finger or PLF finger or Hannan finger, is an extensor tendon injury at the farthest away finger joint. [2] This results in the inability to extend the finger tip without pushing it. [3] There is generally pain and bruising at the back side of the farthest away finger joint. [3]