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The first enslaved Africans in Georgia arrived in 1526 with Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón's establishment of San Miguel de Gualdape on the current Georgia coast, after failing to establish the colony on the Carolina coast. [5] [6] [7] They rebelled and lived with indigenous people, destroying the colony in less than two months. [5] [8]
Robert Sutton was born enslaved on the Alberti Plantation along Florida’s northeastern boundary near Georgia. During his years enslaved, he sailed up and down the Saint Mary’s River transporting lumber and his enslavers. Sutton escaped from slavery on a canoe he built sailing upriver that emptied out into the Atlantic Ocean.
Ellen Craft was born in 1826 in Clinton, Georgia, to Maria, a mixed-race enslaved woman, and her wealthy planter slaveholder, Major James Smith. At least three-quarters European by ancestry, Ellen was very fair-skinned and resembled her white half-siblings, who were her enslaver's legitimate children.
People who escaped slavery by running away to the countryside came to be known as maroons. [8] [7] [9] Maroonage, self-liberated Africans in isolated or hidden settlements, [9] existed in all the Southern states, [10] and swamp-based maroon communities existed in the Deep South, in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and South Carolina. [11]
Escaped slaves captured in Oglethorpe’s Georgia were returned to slaveholders. Some colonists angered by the slave ban made unproven accusations that Oglethorpe had a South Carolina plantation ...
Lack of punishment and a greater likelihood of successful escape caused more and more slaves to run away. With slave patrols stretched so thin, many slaves were able to escape, and were often aided by enemy invaders. Many of the slaves joined Union ranks, the United States Colored Troops, taking up arms against their former owners. [3]: 167
Eastman Johnson's A Ride for Liberty – The Fugitive Slaves, 1863, Brooklyn Museum. In the United States, fugitive slaves or runaway slaves were terms used in the 18th and 19th centuries to describe people who fled slavery. The term also refers to the federal Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793 and 1850.
Ebenezer Creek is a tributary of the Savannah River in Effingham County, Georgia, about 20 miles north of the city of Savannah. During the American Civil War , an incident at the creek resulted in the drowning of many freed slaves.