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1925 – the Office of the Inspector General of Banks was established in response to the Home Bank failure and was responsible for regulating Canada's chartered banks. Early 1930s – Royal Commission on Banking and Currency reviewed banking and currency issues in the Canadian financial system.
In this list of financial regulatory and supervisory authorities, central banks are only listed where they act as direct supervisors of individual financial firms, and competition authorities and takeover panels are not listed unless they are set up exclusively for financial services.
The Canadian banking industry includes 20 domestic banks, 24 foreign bank subsidiaries and 22 foreign bank branches operating in Canada. [9] ATB Financial, a financial institution owned by the Government of Alberta, and Canada's many credit unions, are not included in this list.
The main federal statute for the incorporation and regulation of banks, or chartered banks, is the Bank Act (S.C. 1991, c.46), where Schedules I, II and III of this Act list all banks permitted to operate in Canada under these three distinct categories. [42]
In 2007, the Government of Canada provided FCAC with an additional $3 million for the creation of the Financial Literacy Initiative. In 2009, new federal legislation gave FCAC oversight over payment card network operators. On July 11, 2010, amendments to the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada Act further expanded FCAC’s role in four areas:
The two largest, the Royal Bank of Canada and the Toronto Dominion Bank are among the world's 25 largest banks. [2] It has been considered to be one of the safest and soundest banking systems in the world, and avoided major problems in the Financial crisis of 2007–2008. [3] Canada's banks have high service levels and investments in technology.
Canadian securities regulation is managed through the laws and agencies established by Canada's 10 provincial and 3 territorial governments. Each province and territory has a securities commission or equivalent authority with its own provincial or territorial legislation .
Arguably the most important requirement in bank regulation that supervisors must enforce is maintaining capital requirements. [4] As banking regulation focusing on key factors in the financial markets, it forms one of the three components of financial law, the other two being case law and self-regulating market practices. [5]