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The adhesion railway relies on a combination of friction and weight to start a train. The heaviest trains require the highest friction and the heaviest locomotive. The friction can vary a great deal, but it was known on early railways that sand helped, and it is still used today, even on locomotives with modern traction controls.
Hopton Incline, Cromford and High Peak Railway, England: This incline has only carried passengers, by adhesion, on enthusiast special trains, but is now completely closed. 1 in 14.1 (7.1%) Erzberg Railway (Erzbergbahn), Austria: Built as a rack railway, adhesion operation only by passenger railbuses, now only museum operation on part of the line.
Slippery rail, or low railhead adhesion, [1] [2] [3] is a condition of railways (railroads) where contamination of the railhead reduces the traction between the wheel and the rail. This can lead to wheelslip when the train is taking power, and wheelslide when the train is braking.
Adhesion railway – Railway relying on adhesion to move trains; Bearing – Mechanism to constrain relative movement to the desired motion and reduce frictions; Contact mechanics – Study of the deformation of solids that touch each other (Linear) elasticity – Physical property when materials or objects return to original shape after ...
Where the line is too steep to rely on adhesion for climbing, a rack railway may be used, in which a toothed cog wheel engages with a toothed rack rail laid between the tracks. A now little used alternative to the rack and pinion railway is the Fell system, in which traction and/or braking wheel are applied to a central rail under pressure.
Due to their track-cleaning effect, magnetic track brakes increase the coefficient of adhesion between the following wheels and the rail during the brake process. This additionally leads to an improvement of the wheel-effective brake systems. [3] Magnetic track brakes are distincted between rigid and articulated magnets. [4]
Adhesion railway – Railway relying on adhesion to move trains; Adhesive surface forces – Molecular property; Bearing capacity – Capacity of soil to support loads; Collision – Instance of two or more bodies physically contacting each other within a short period of time; Contact dynamics – Motion of multibody systems
Wheel flats on railway vehicles are very evident by a distinct “bang-bang” noise made in time with the speed of the train. It is normally necessary to use a wheel lathe to remove a layer of wheel tread caused by a severe flat spot or cavity, which reduces the operational service life of the wheel and is a major operating cost to the rail ...