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Texas Germans (German: Texas-Deutsche) are descendants of Germans who settled in Texas since the 1830s. The arriving Germans tended to cluster in ethnic enclaves ; the majority settled in a broad, fragmented belt across the south-central part of the state, where many became farmers. [ 1 ]
Several Germans did survive the engagement and ensuing search. These combatants hid in Texas, fled to Mexico and California, or eventually joined U.S. forces in New Orleans as members of the 1st Texas Cavalry Regiment. [35] More critical, however, was how the incident affected the German community in Texas for the rest of the war.
Examples include: prisons (penitentiaries), institutions for rehabilitation (reformatories), and a system where prisoners were leased to private companies (convict lease). Various social pressures influenced these methods of punishment such as economic needs, influential power politics, and the cultural beliefs of the time. [ 6 ]
Item courtesy of Freedom Archives- "1970 Folsom Prison Strike Manifesto" The 1970 Folsom Prison strike was a significant event for U.S. prison reform and protest. During the strike, over 2,400 incarcerated individuals at Folsom State Prison in Folsom, California, initiated a work stoppage and hunger strike. The strike began on November 3, 1970 ...
Alliance for Safety and Justice; American Civil Liberties Union; Amnesty International USA; Anti-Recidivism Coalition; Center for Court Innovation; Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice
Support for these initiatives sprang from the influential prison reform organizations in the United States at the time—e.g., the Prison Reform Congress, the National Conference of Charities and Correction, the National Prison Congress, the Prison Association of New York, and the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons.
Just a year after going public, a riot broke out at Esmor’s immigration detention center near Newark International Airport in New Jersey, a holding tank for immigrants caught trying to enter the country illegally. As an organized group of inmates began to assault guards, staff abandoned their posts and fled the jail. An INS official on site ...
Major POW camps across the United States as of June 1944 Entrance to Camp Swift in Texas, August 1944. Members of the German military were interned as prisoners of war in the United States during World War I and World War II. In all, 425,000 German prisoners lived in 700 camps throughout the United States during World War II.